Oral Agreements to Divide a Decedent's Property Violate the Statute of Frauds
The 8th Circuit Court of Appeals recently rendered an unpublished opinion, Kiddie v. Copeland, Case No. 17-2814, involving the statute of frauds, and its application to an agreement to divided a deceased grandfather's property. First, what is the statute of frauds anyway and why should you care?
The statute of frauds is a common law rule that has been codified in most states, and requires that certain contracts must be in writing to be enforceable. Among those contracts affected, are:
(1) contracts to answer for the debt of another (Ark. Code Ann. 4-59-101);
(2) agreements to be made in consideration of marriage (Ark. Code Ann. 4-59-101);
(3) agreements that are not to be performed within one year from the date of the agreement (Ark. Code Ann. 4-59-101);
(4) agreements for the sale, lease, or transfer of land (Ark. Code Ann. 4-59-101--102);
(5) contracts for the sale of goods over $500.00 (Ark. Code Ann. 4-2-201; and
(6) contracts to make a will or devise, entered into after June 17, 1981 (Ark. Code Ann. 28-24-101).
The statute of frauds has a long history that dates before the United States was a country. Like much of our current law, we inherited the statute of frauds from England. Arkansas has adopted and codified the rule within three separate statutes. The upshot of the rule is that certain contracts, to be enforceable, must be in writing. While there are exceptions, for the most part, it is a hard and fast rule that the list of agreements, noted above, must be written, and signed by the party "to be charged", i.e. the party whom you desire to enforce the contract against.
You care about the statute of frauds, so you don't fall into the trap of relying on an oral promise that may be unenforceable. Kiddie involved such a situation.
Kiddie was an appeal of a United States District Court decision that was heard in The Harrison Division of the Western District of Arkansas. In Kiddie, the plaintiff claimed that defendants breached an oral agreement that was alleged to have been made between the plaintiff and three defendants, and pertained to the means by which the plaintiff's grandfather's property was to be divided upon his death. The district court found the supposed agreement, even if it occurred, was not enforceable, because it was unwritten, and therefore, it violated the statute of frauds, as codified at Ark. Code Ann. 28-24-101 (relating to agreements to make a devise).
A little planning could have established the disposition of his estate, and avoided the lawsuit completely. The grandfather could have avoided the dispute among the grandchildren if he had left behind a valid estate plan, which could have included a last will and testament and a revocable or irrevocable trust. Indeed, it would have saved all parties involved a substantial amount in attorneys fees and costs, as well.
C. Michael Daily is an Arkansas estate planning, real estate, and probate attorney with the long-established law firm of Daily & Woods, P.L.L.C., and is licensed to practice in all cities in Arkansas including Fort Smith, Fayetteville, Springdale, Bentonville, Lowell, Rogers, and Bella Vista. You can follow C. Michael Daily via social network using any of the social network links in the right hand column of the page. You can also contact Mr. Daily by telephone at 479-242-3953, or by e-mail at mdaily@dailywoods.com.
Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes, is certainly not to be considered legal advice and is absolutely not a substitute for any of the benefits that are associated with the attorney-client relationship. Your situation is unique--if you need an attorney, contact C. Michael Daily for assistance.
The statute of frauds is a common law rule that has been codified in most states, and requires that certain contracts must be in writing to be enforceable. Among those contracts affected, are:
(1) contracts to answer for the debt of another (Ark. Code Ann. 4-59-101);
(2) agreements to be made in consideration of marriage (Ark. Code Ann. 4-59-101);
(3) agreements that are not to be performed within one year from the date of the agreement (Ark. Code Ann. 4-59-101);
(4) agreements for the sale, lease, or transfer of land (Ark. Code Ann. 4-59-101--102);
(5) contracts for the sale of goods over $500.00 (Ark. Code Ann. 4-2-201; and
(6) contracts to make a will or devise, entered into after June 17, 1981 (Ark. Code Ann. 28-24-101).
The statute of frauds has a long history that dates before the United States was a country. Like much of our current law, we inherited the statute of frauds from England. Arkansas has adopted and codified the rule within three separate statutes. The upshot of the rule is that certain contracts, to be enforceable, must be in writing. While there are exceptions, for the most part, it is a hard and fast rule that the list of agreements, noted above, must be written, and signed by the party "to be charged", i.e. the party whom you desire to enforce the contract against.
You care about the statute of frauds, so you don't fall into the trap of relying on an oral promise that may be unenforceable. Kiddie involved such a situation.
Kiddie was an appeal of a United States District Court decision that was heard in The Harrison Division of the Western District of Arkansas. In Kiddie, the plaintiff claimed that defendants breached an oral agreement that was alleged to have been made between the plaintiff and three defendants, and pertained to the means by which the plaintiff's grandfather's property was to be divided upon his death. The district court found the supposed agreement, even if it occurred, was not enforceable, because it was unwritten, and therefore, it violated the statute of frauds, as codified at Ark. Code Ann. 28-24-101 (relating to agreements to make a devise).
A little planning could have established the disposition of his estate, and avoided the lawsuit completely. The grandfather could have avoided the dispute among the grandchildren if he had left behind a valid estate plan, which could have included a last will and testament and a revocable or irrevocable trust. Indeed, it would have saved all parties involved a substantial amount in attorneys fees and costs, as well.
C. Michael Daily is an Arkansas estate planning, real estate, and probate attorney with the long-established law firm of Daily & Woods, P.L.L.C., and is licensed to practice in all cities in Arkansas including Fort Smith, Fayetteville, Springdale, Bentonville, Lowell, Rogers, and Bella Vista. You can follow C. Michael Daily via social network using any of the social network links in the right hand column of the page. You can also contact Mr. Daily by telephone at 479-242-3953, or by e-mail at mdaily@dailywoods.com.
Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes, is certainly not to be considered legal advice and is absolutely not a substitute for any of the benefits that are associated with the attorney-client relationship. Your situation is unique--if you need an attorney, contact C. Michael Daily for assistance.
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